While research on the relationship between physical activity and health dates back to the 1950s but the breakthrough in the science-based evidence of health benefits of sports activity largely took place during the 1990s and 1980s. There is an overwhelming amount of research-based evidence regarding the benefits of sports and physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. The positive, direct effects of regularly engaging in physical activity are especially evident in the prevention of a variety of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, obesity, depression and osteoporosis. The report states that youngsters can gain from exercise as it helps develop healthy bones, efficient lung and heart function and better cognitive and motor skills. Physical activity can prevent hip fractures among women, as well as reduce the effect of osteoporosis. Physical activity can boost the functional capacity of older adults, and can help to maintain health and independence. Physical activity and psychosocial healthAccording to the WHO according to the WHO, one out of four patients who visit an health facility suffers from the symptoms of a neurological, mental or behavioural disorder. However, many of these conditions are not recognized and thus aren't treated. A number of studies have shown that exercise may help in treating a range of psychological problems. Research has also shown that exercise can have an impact on depression. Self-esteem and self-worth, as well as physical appearance, including body image, has been linked to improved self-esteem. Although the majority of evidence regarding health benefits of exercise focuses on intrapersonal factors like cognitive, physiological and emotional benefits, it does not exclude the inter-personal and social benefits that sport and physical activity can have on individuals and their communities. Sport and physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyleThere are many variables that affect how sports and exercise impact health. Physical and sports isn't likely to directly result in benefits, but when combined with other elements they can help encourage healthy lifestyles. There is evidence to suggest that environmental changes can have a significant impact on opportunities for participation and in addition, the conditions in which activities are taking place could greatly impact the health outcomes. The elements that could be considered to be the determinants for health include the quality of nutrition, intensity and duration of exercise, the appropriate footwear and clothing and climate, injuries or stress levels, and sleeping habits. Physical and sport can make a substantial contribution to the wellbeing of individuals in the developing world. The benefits of exercise, sports and physical activity have been used for many years for the rehabilitation and treatment of non-communicable and communicable diseases. Exercise for individuals is a powerful method to avoid diseases and physical activity is effective in improving the health of all people.
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